Ricean K-Factor Measurements and Analysis for Wideband High-Speed Railway Channels at 2.35 GHz

This paper presents the analysis of Ricean K-factor for wideband high-speed railway channels at 2.35 GHz, based on radio channel measurements under viaduct and U-shape cutting scenarios. We characterize the K-factor from the perspective of narrowband, wideband and delay, according to the measured channel responses. The time-frequency varying narrowband K-factors in two scenarios are analyzed and compared. A distance-based statistical narrowband K-factor model that covers the frequency variability is proposed. Then, the channel bandwidth dependent property of the wideband K-factor is investigated and we establish a simple bandwidth-based wideband K-factor model. Moreover, the K-factor for each delay bin is discussed. These results are provided for use in wireless system design and channel modeling of high-speed railway.